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Mary I of England

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Mary I of England Empty Mary I of England

Post  Elena Tue Nov 08, 2011 2:03 pm

A review of a new bio on Mary Tudor, the first Queen Regnant of England.
http://teaattrianon.blogspot.com/2011/09/englands-catholic-queen.html
Mary I of England Edward%252CMaryI
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Mary I of England Empty Re: Mary I of England

Post  princess garnet Tue Nov 08, 2011 2:35 pm

I'll wait for it to come out in paperback...

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Mary I of England Empty Death of Mary Tudor

Post  Elena Thu Nov 17, 2011 2:58 pm

November 17 is the anniversary of the death of Queen Mary Tudor. Mary I (1516-1558) was the only surviving child of Henry VIII and Katherine of Aragon, his Queen. She was the heir to the throne and her mother was raising her to be a great ruler, like her grandmother Queen Isabella of Spain. However, as a teenager, her life was destroyed by her parents' separation. Anne Boleyn had stolen her father's affections and in his efforts to annul his marriage to Katherine so he could marry his favorite, he broke away from the Church. Mary lost her status, was kept from seeing her mother, and had to be lady-in-waiting to Anne's daughter Elizabeth. Mary had gone from being the cherished princess to being a servant.

Mary clung to the old Faith. I think that like many Catholics today, who often are the lone members of their families to practice their religion, Mary endured a great deal of isolation coupled with frustration. She was also a child of divorce, with all of the feelings of confusion and betrayal that people who come from a broken home often experience. She was not able to marry until her late thirties; motherhood was denied her. Nevertheless, she showed great love for her half-siblings Elizabeth and Edward, as well as for all of her stepmothers (except for Anne Boleyn.) She was instrumental in converting Anne of Cleves to the Catholic religion, according to Alison Weir in The Six Wives of Henry VIII.

In 1553, Mary ascended the throne. Her reign of five years, in which she tried to restore the Church in England, was marked by disappointment, failure, and tragedy. Mary Tudor is infamous because of the 277 people burned at the stake during her reign. Sadly, those horrible deaths, which occurred towards the end of her life, overshadow everything else. It was a tragic and bitter mistake; it did not lead people back to the Church. How could it have? According to New Advent:

It seems to be generally admitted now that no vindictive thirst for blood prompted the deplorable severities which followed, but they have weighed heavily upon the memory of Mary, and it seems on the whole probable that in her conscientious but misguided zeal for the peace of the Church, she was herself principally responsible for them. In less than four years 277 persons were burned to death. Some, like Cranmer, Latimer, and Ridley, were men of influence and high position, but the majority belonged to the lower orders. Still these last were dangerous, because, as Dr. Gairdner has pointed out, heresy and sedition were at that time almost convertible terms. In regard to these executions, a much more lenient and at the same time more equitable judgment now prevails than was formerly the case. As one recent writer observes, Mary and her advisers "honestly believed themselves to be applying the only remedy left for the removal of a mortal disease from the body politic...What they did was on an unprecedented scale in England because heresy existed on an unprecedented scale" (Innes, "England under the Tudors", 232; and cf. Gairdner, "Lollardy", I,327).
Mary was only 41 when she died in a state of sincere compunction. Monsignor Robert Hugh Benson describes her death in a compelling essay, in which he contrasts her passing with that of her sister Queen Elizabeth I, many years later. (Monsignor Benson points out that Elizabeth had many Catholics killed in a grisly manner.)
Of the final scene of Mary's life we have a tolerably detailed account, taken down from the relation of Jane Dormer herself, who was one of the few friends who remained with Mary to the end. Most of her other attendants had already made their way to Hatfield, to pay their court to the Princess who would presently be in power. This account is an interesting comment on the way in which Mary's religion was a support to her in the crisis, and forms an agreeable comparison with the same element in her sister's death nearly fifty years later. Of course Mary's devotion in no way proves the truth of her faith; it is only an evidence of her absolute and serene sincerity.

"That morning hearing Mass, which was celebrated in her chamber, she being at the last point (for no day passed in her life that she heard not Mass), and although sick to death, she heard it with good attention, zeal, and devotion, as she answered in every part with him who served the Priest, such yet was the quickness of her senses and memory. And when the priest came to that part to say, 'Agnus Dei, qui tollis peccata mundi,' she answered plainly and distinctly to every one, 'Miserere nobis, Miserere nobis, Dona nobis pacem.'

"Afterwards, seeming to meditate something with herself, when the Priest took the Sacred Host to consume it, she adored it with her voice and countenance, presently closed her eyes and rendered her blessed soul to God. This the Duchess =Jane Dormer= hath related to me, the tears pouring from her eyes, that the last thing which the Queen saw in this world was her Saviour and Redeemer in the Sacramental Species, no doubt to behold Him presently after in His glorious Body in heaven. A blessed and glorious passage, 'Anima mea cum anima ejus.'" =From Life of Jane Dormer, quoted by Miss Stone.=

Mary thought it her duty also, in common with most Christian people, to make some provision for the disposal of her body and her goods after her death -- again offering a comparison with Elizabeth's action. She had already impoverished herself with efforts to restore to the service of God what her father had taken "to his own use"; and on her death-bed she made further dispositions in the same direction. In her will and codicil, every page of which she signed painfully with her own hand, she bequeaths her soul to the mercy of Almighty God, and to the "good prayers and help of the most pure and blessed Virgin St. Mary, and of all the Holy Company of heaven"; and her body to be buried at the discretion of her executors. She leaves large sums to the poor, to the Religious Houses which she had re-founded, to the poor scholars at the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge, and to Hospitals, especially to one for disabled soldiers; she also leaves legacies to her ladies and her servants, as well as to her husband and executors. This will was entirely disregarded by Elizabeth, and lay, as Miss Stone remarks, in obscurity for over three hundred years.

So far, then, we are agreeably surprised. There is no terror of the future, or agonised remorse; there is repentance, of course, and confession of sin and shortcomings, but that is scarcely to Mary's reproach. There is tranquil confidence in religion and the mercy of God; she encourages her friends, makes her will, trusts her sister, and gives up her soul during what was to her, throughout her life, the most sacred and holy action of the day. Whether or not her religion was true is not our affair now; we are only concerned with the way in which it was her support during her last moments, and even if we are not satisfied as to its objective truth, we can at least be satisfied with its power to uphold one who believed in it with all her heart. In this sense, if in no other, we can say, with Jane Dormer, "A blessed and glorious passage! May my soul be with hers!"

Sources: http://teaattrianon.blogspot.com/2008/11/death-of-mary-tudor.html

Mary I of England Portrait2

Mary I of England Mary1england1544_mid

Mary I of England Mary1

Here is an article from the blog Mary Tudor, Renaissance Queen, with some rich quotes from Foxe's Book of Martyrs: http://mary-tudor.blogspot.com/2011/11/17-november-1558-deaths-of-mary-i.html
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Mary I of England Empty Re: Mary I of England

Post  May Thu Nov 17, 2011 3:42 pm

May she rest in peace!
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Mary I of England Empty The Genesis of Bloody Mary

Post  Elena Mon Mar 26, 2012 7:57 pm

An article from author Nancy Bilyeau:

http://englishhistoryauthors.blogspot.com/2012/03/birth-of-bloody-mary.html

And, most significantly, Bloody Mary is the moniker for Mary Tudor, the oldest child of Henry VIII. At the age of 37, she courageously took the throne by force after her half-brother Edward altered the act of succession. Young Edward wanted his Protestant cousin, Lady Jane Grey, to follow him, not his Catholic sister. But Mary raised an army and overthrew Jane’s fragile government. Her five-year reign is not considered a success. She married a Hapsburg prince—the marriage was very unpopular—and had a phantom pregnancy (maybe two). England experienced bad harvests every year during her reign. A war with France ended in disaster: the loss of Calais.

Those new to the 16th century sometimes have trouble keeping the “Mary”s straight. There is Mary, Queen of Scots, the beauty who married three times, lost her throne and was eventually executed by Elizabeth I. She was romantic. The Mary I write about in this post is the other one—the “Bloody” one who, in her zealousness to turn England back into a Catholic country had 284 Protestant martyrs burned at the stake. While more than 300 Catholic martyrs died during the reigns of Henry VIII and Elizabeth I, Mary is the one who carries the reputation of being a merciless, bigotry-filled killer.

How that reputation evolved over the centuries is very interesting.
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Mary I of England Empty Re: Mary I of England

Post  Bunnies Sun Jan 20, 2013 7:54 pm

Elena wrote:
In 1553, Mary ascended the throne. Her reign of five years, in which she tried to restore the Church in England, was marked by disappointment, failure, and tragedy. Mary Tudor is infamous because of the 277 people burned at the stake during her reign. Sadly, those horrible deaths, which occurred towards the end of her life, overshadow everything else. It was a tragic and bitter mistake; it did not lead people back to the Church. How could it have?

Not to defend the abominable practice of burnings, but I always felt as though Mary's infamy was ill-proportional. Yes, she did it, yes, it was monstrous and yes, it was foolish...but how come so many act as though Mary was the only one burning 'heretics'? Elizabeth, who tends to be lauded, also burned 'heretics', but of course her definition of heretic was different than Mary's. Their father, Henry, also burned both Catholics for treason and Lutherans for heresy - at least Mary was consistent!

And burning is definitely not a purely English tradition. Pick a random reigning monarch in 16th century Europe. Odds are: they burned some heretics.

This isn't to say that since everyone was doing it, burning is okay. Oh no. It was very evil and every monarch deserves condemnation for prolonging the practice. But to blame the practice on the twisted faith of one or two individuals misses the mark. The problem isn't found in any individual, but rather in the ideology. Catholics and Protestants disagreed about many things, but they agreed about this: those other people were heretics and should be burned. When people disagreed with the mass-burnings, their quarrel was not "burning human beings for having a different religious belief is terrible!" but "Burning human beings who have that religious belief is terrible!" Meaning that no one really minded burnings in and of itself.

They just didn't like how it was their goose being gored. But they all agreed that there was a goose that needed to be gored - or, in this case, burned.

The ideology, that belief - and I refer here to the idea that those who disagree with us must be eliminated, not necessarily either Christian sect - should be what is condemned. To mark one individual as a twisted anomaly may make us feel better about human nature, but the fact is that "Bloody" Mary was very conventional. She was the norm rather than the exception.

So rather talking about what went "wrong" in her psychological make-up, I think it might be better to discuss what went wrong in the mindset of humanity. Or, conversely, to discover some individual who disapproved of all burnings and figure out what fostered such mercy in them.
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Mary I of England Empty Re: Mary I of England

Post  Elena Mon Jan 21, 2013 9:56 pm

Excellent! sunny
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Mary I of England Empty Re: Mary I of England

Post  Elena Sun Nov 17, 2013 9:36 pm

http://networkedblogs.com/RbXv4 The Death of Mary and Accession of Elizabeth
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